A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

BY DARRELL P. ARNOLD, PH.D.

This is an online book in progress. The material here is planned for a paperback Short Introduction to the History of Philosophy. I have composed the texts over the past year as a supplement to my coursework at Miami Dade College. They cover the history of philosophy from the Axial Age through the Enlightenment. Over the next semester or two I will add further material.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

PART 1 — WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

Chapter 1 — What is Philosophy?

Section 1 — Philosophy: An Overview 

Section 2 — An Examined Life

PART 2 — ASIAN PHILOSOPHY

Chapter 2 Hindu and Buddhist Thought

Section 1 —  An Introduction to Hindu and Buddhist Thought (1)

Section 2 — An Introduction to Hindu and Buddhist Thought (2) 

Chapter 3 — Confucius and Confucianism

Chapter 4 — Laozi: An Overview

PART 3 — ANCIENT GREEK THOUGHT

Chapter 5 — Pre-Socratics

Section 1 — The Pre-Socratics: An Overview

Section 2 — The Ionians

Section 3 — Heraclitus

Section 4 — Parmenides and the Eleatics

Section 5 — The One and the Many — From Thales to Democritus 

Section 6 — Pythagoras

Chapter 6 — The Sophists 

Section 1 — An Overview

Section 2 — Protagoras

Section 3 — Further Sophists

Chapter 7 — Socrates

Section 1 — Socrates: An Overview 

Section 2 — The Trial and Death of Socrates

Chapter 8 — Plato

Section 1 — Plato: An Overview

Section 2 — Plato’s Allegory of the Cave 

Section 3 — Plato on Gyges’ Ring 

Section 4 — Plato on Justice

Section 5 — Plato on Art

Chapter 9 — Aristotle

Section 1 — Aristotle’s Background 

Section 2 — Aristotle’s Teleological Perspective

Section 3 — Aristotle’s Ethics

Section 4 — Aristotle’s Aesthetics

PART 4 — PHILOSOPHY IN LATE ANTIQUITY

Chapter 10 — Philosophy in Hellenism and Early Rome

Chapter 11 — Stoicism 

Chapter 12 — Epicureanism

PART 5 — WESTERN PHILOSOPHY IN THE MIDDLE AGES

Chapter 13 — Augustine 

Chapter 14 — Thomas Aquinas and Thomism

PART 6 — THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY

Chapter 15 — The Transition to the Modern World

Chapter 16 — The Enlightenment

Section 1 — Science and Knowledge

Section 2 — Political Philosophy

PART 7 — MODERN PHILOSOPHERS

Chapter 17 — Descartes

Section 1 — The Father of Modern Philosophy

Section 2 — Descartes’ Method of Systematic Doubt

Section 3 — Descartes’ Foundationalist Reconstruction

Section 4 — Criticisms of Descartes

Chapter 18 — Spinoza

Chapter 19 — An Overview of Rationalism

Chapter 20 — British Empiricism

Section 1 — Francis Bacon

Section 2 — John Locke’s Epistemology

Section 3 — David Hume

Chapter 21 — Immanuel Kant

Chapter 22 — Georg Fredrick Hegel

Chapter 23 — Karl Marx 

Chapter 24 — Friedrich Nietzsche 

Chapter 25 — Pragmatism 

Section 1 — Charles Sanders Pierce

Section 2 — William James

Section 3 — John Dewey

Chapter 26 Contemporary French Philosophy

Chapter 27 Contemporary Germany Philosophy

Chapter 28 Contemporary Anglo-American Philosophy

Chapter 29 Contemporary Movements in Global Philosophy